Evolution
First Definition
\"The theory that all forms of plant and animal life are descended from earlier and simpler forms of life whose existence can be explained without reference to a Supernatural Creator.\"
Since the vast majority of the empirical evidence that science (first definition!) has discovered about life does not support this theory, it is largely held by those whose definition of \"science\" (i.e., the second definition) allows no other option.
Therefore, because this theory is basically an a priori* conclusion based on a philosophy of life (materialism or naturalism), and not a theory supported by science (first definition), I often add the suffix \"-ism\" to the term (\"evolutionism\") to help emphasize that fact.
*(A priori reasoning is reasoning from a previous assumption to a conclusion [also called \"deductive\" reasoning], as opposed to a posteriori reasoning, which is reasoning from the empirical evidence to a conclusion [also called \"inductive\" reasoning]. For example, if you assume that the world is flat and, on the basis of that assumption, deduce that you are in danger of sailing off the edge, you are doing a priori reasoning. But your conclusion is only as good as your original assumption. If you use evidence from astronomy and the experiences of other sailors to conclude that the world is round, you are doing a posteriori reasoning.
A scientist who starts with the assumption that everything can be explained materialistically will inevitably deduce that evolutionism [first definition] is true, regardless of any contradicting evidence! That's a priori reasoning. However, if, on the basis of that evidence, he concludes that the nature of life is such that it requires the existence of a Creator, he is doing real science [first definition!] using a posteriori reasoning!)
Second Definition
\"Certain observable small variations, very limited in extent, that occur over a period of time as a species adapts to its surroundings.\"
Here we are talking about the famous \"peppered moth\" example, or the fact that bacteria become resistant to antibiotics, or the fact that the Galapagos finch beaks changed over a period of time.
This second definition of \"evolution\" would be better called \"variation\" or perhaps \"adaptation.\" No one argues that there are observable (but very limited!) variations that occur over time as animals adapt to their surroundings. Everyone knows that offspring are not \"clones\" of their parents. Everyone knows that dogs can be bred into smaller varieties, etc.
However, these slight variations are, by no stretch of the imagination, the same as \"evolution\" (first definition).
When people who believe in \"evolution\" (first definition) try to use the illustrations of variation or adaptation to \"prove\" their theory, those who are not sensitive to the definition of terms may be confused! Don't ever let any one convince you that if you believe that the slight variations mentioned above have occurred, then you are an evolutionist (first definition)!!
Those who believe in \"evolution\" (first definition) would like to claim that the same mechanisms that lead to variations in bacteria, peppered moths, Galapagos finches, breeds of dogs, etc. have led to the transition from one species to another. The evidence does not support that belief. It is a speculative hypothesis based on a philosophical presupposition--the philosophy of materialism (which they would like to call \"science\" [second definition!].)
Have you ever known of a dog breeder breeding dogs into cats? Selective breeding has very definite and impenetrable \"barriers\" or limits beyond which a breeder cannot go! There is no evidence that any mechanism exists which can cause one life form to gradually change into a more complex life form.
So, once again, we should do what we can to make sure that \"evolutionists\" (first definition) are not allowed to claim that small variations in a species are a form of \"evolution.\"
If you make sure that these definitions are very clear in your own mind, you will avoid a lot of confusion when you talk with others about \"science\" and \"evolution.\"
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