Galaxies and the speed of light ...

[Keeper]

If a galaxy is so big that it takes millions of light years for a single photon to cross from one end to the other, how can we see photos of galaxies when the light from the back end will be out of place when the front one's light arrives? ... Okay, that might not have come out properly, but I hope you get the idea. How can we see Galaxy photos?

[Abra]

First, know that when we see galaxies, we are seeing the past. We see what they looked like millions of years ago, because they are an equal number of millions of lightyears away. The "front end" will look more recent than the "back end," because the front end is closer. It also depends on the viewing angle. If the galaxy is perpendicular to our viewing, then they the viewed galaxy should be from the same time period. Of course, I'm no astronomer...

[Keeper]

First, know that when we see galaxies, we are seeing the past. We see what they looked like millions of years ago, because they are an equal number of millions of lightyears away. The "front end" will look more recent than the "back end," because the front end is closer. It also depends on the viewing angle. If the galaxy is perpendicular to our viewing, then they the viewed galaxy should be from the same time period. Of course, I'm no astronomer... The point I am trying to get across, however, is that when the light from the back eventually reaches us, it will not be lined up with the light from the front. The Galaxy will appear to be skewered.

[Kushna Mufeed]

Well, since that's not the case, you are obviously wrong. Read your words again. When the light from the back reaches us, the light from the front is long gone. It won't wait for the light from the back to catch up.

[Serkat]

The universe is pretty big.

[drewmandan]

The point I am trying to get across, however, is that when the light from the back eventually reaches us, it will not be lined up with the light from the front. The Galaxy will appear to be skewered. That might be a problem if galaxies were millions of light years across, but they're not. They go up to around 100,000 light years, give or take. Since galaxies don't move very fast, 100,000 years won't produce any really noticeable skewing effect. By the way, light year = distance year = time EDIT: Before some smart ass comes in and 'informs' me that distant galaxies travel close to the speed of light, I will say that the maximum skew is about 2x. Simple geometry. And that's for galaxies that would be so red-shifted that they wouldn't even be visible.

[Keeper]

Well, since that's not the case, you are obviously wrong. Or light is a lot faster then we think. Read your words again. When the light from the back reaches us, the light from the front is long gone. It won't wait for the light from the back to catch up. Yes, and? That might be a problem if galaxies were millions of light years across, but they're not. They go up to around 100,000 light years, give or take. Since galaxies don't move very fast, 100,000 years won't produce any really noticeable skewing effect. Are you sure? I've heard differently, and that is what got me thinking on that to begin with. By the way, light year = distance year = time I know. Where did I use it incorrectly.

[Serkat]

(I'm not an astronomer) I think for a 2D photo you just use the light you're getting. So the back of the galaxy is older than the front when you look at it. It's just a snapshot. The effect of the delay isn't that important, given the immense size of those bastards. You'd only need the light from the front to the end of the galaxy if you were to create a full 3D-model of the galaxy... which is impossible because it would take several hundreds of thousands of years to create and some crazy algorithms to align all the light data to positions and trace them back through time... Also, you misused "light years" in the first sentence, but the point got across anyway.

[Keeper]

(I'm not an astronomer) I think for a 2D photo you just use the light you're getting. So the back of the galaxy is older than the front when you look at it. It's just a snapshot. The effect of the delay isn't that important, given the immense size of those bastards. You'd only need the light from the front to the end of the galaxy if you were to create a full 3D-model of the galaxy... which is impossible because it would take several hundreds of thousands of years to create and some crazy algorithms to align all the light data to positions and trace them back through time... I guess ... Also, you misused "light years" in the first sentence, but the point got across anyway. ... Words cannot express my embarrassment.

[wendylove]

Or light is a lot faster then we think. Keeper, no. A big no. Light can only move slower, it cannot move faster it is mathematically impossible and contradicts Einstein. No light hasen't slowed down, only creationist believe this. Thats because they get basic scientific knowledge incorrect. Which, would explain this thread Keeper, I would read A brief history of time by Stephen Hawking. I guess ... Is that it.

[YULAW]

Keeper, no. A big no. Light can only move slower, it cannot move faster it is mathematically impossible and contradicts Einstein. No light hasen't slowed down, only creationist believe this. Thats because they get basic scientific knowledge incorrect. Which, would explain this thread Keeper, I would read A brief history of time by Stephen Hawking. Is that it. That's the most one track minded, idiotic thing that I've ever heard. You're making the assumption that all Astrophysicist are atheist. Damn how dumb can you be?

[Sornaensis]

Not being creationsist does not automatically make you atheist... You're an idiot if you think all non-creationists (IDiots) are Atheist. That said, care to provide a citation for an astrophysicist that is an ID-advocate?

[drewmandan]

Are you sure? I've heard differently, and that is what got me thinking on that to begin with. I take astronomy in university. Don't even go there.

[YULAW]

Not being creationsist does not automatically make you atheist... You're an idiot if you think all non-creationists (IDiots) are Atheist. That said, care to provide a citation for an astrophysicist that is an ID-advocate? Stop following me Troll. You got some kind of obsession with me or something? That post is directed to the wendylove not you LameO!

[wendylove]

That's the most one track minded, idiotic thing that I've ever heard. You're making the assumption that all Astrophysicist are atheist. Well, there is no evidence that light speeds up and I pretty sure if it did, they would have found it now. Only creationist believe it does so they can believe the universe is young. Also, the person who actually came up with the big bang theory was a christian. So I don't believe all cosmologist are atheist.

[Schmaven]

I think the reason we can see entire galaxies even though the light from the back is out of place from the light at the front, is because the distortion is gradual. This gradual distortion, combined with the crazy shapes of the galaxies, makes it look continuous.

[Neruo]

Or light is a lot faster then we think. Big @ good ol' Keeper. Luckily, quite some people know enough about astronomy to be able to clear it up. But really, this kind of stuff isn't as hard as it sounds, just browse around wikipedia for a few minutes, or read 'a brief history of time' by Stephen Hawking and you have pretty much all the knowledge you can have about astronomy before it gets hardcore-physics-wacky. Anyhow, it is certain that we can in fact not see most of our universe. It is simply impossible because the universe has and is expanding so fast: when trying to look far across the universe after a while, it would take 13,7 billion years for the light from there to reach the earth (or the hubble). All you would see is... the big bang, that happened 13.7 billion years ago (we can actually see this big-bang residue). Galaxies that lie beyond that 13.7 billion year mark are simply imposslbe to see, just about by definition of 'sight'. In a billion years, we still probably couldn't see the universes that are today 14.7 billion lightyears away, because they are all still moving away from us. Anyhow, what we really see when we look at something, for instance, 12 billion lightyears away, is matter (or some sort of traces, radio-wave-like-stuff) from 1.7 billion years after the big bang. Young galaxies, at most. - Anyhow, it is all kind of hard to get your head around it, since when you are in a room, there is no huge delay between something happening and seeing, nor is the room expanding at speeds greater than light. We know pretty much a giant cool lot about the history of our universe. Mixed in with some general relativity, this kind of subject is just awesome. Really, 'A brief history of time' is a pretty understandable, great book to understand the basics of astronomy / weird physics stuff that has to do with it. - edit/addition: ShadowNightWing, maybe wendylove exaggerated a bit, but really, you can't beat creationists -especially the young earth kind- when it comes to weird astronomical assumptions. Such as that God created a whole bunch of photons in mid-flight 6000-years ago, that now do indeed seem to trace back to celestial bodies. (also, I saw I wasn't the only one that thought that 'A Brief History of Time' is indeed a good way to learn about the basics of such stuff.)

[Umbrasquall]

I think for a 2D photo you just use the light you're getting. So the back of the galaxy is older than the front when you look at it. It's just a snapshot. The effect of the delay isn't that important, given the immense size of those bastards. This is the correct answer. Even if the path of the light is curved due to objects moving at immense speeds, it won't matter because what we're seeing is a snapshot, so nothing will be visually distorted. Objects can not move faster than the speed of light, as far as we know. But if you see an object that is moving at say 10% the speed of light, the location it will appear to be will be the location it was at when the photon you see was reflected off of it's surface (or emitted). You will still be able to trace it's path across the sky, only with a delay of however many light years.

[drewmandan]

Anyhow, it is certain that we can in fact not see most of our universe. It is simply impossible because the universe has and is expanding so fast: when trying to look far across the universe after a while, it would take 13,7 billion years for the light from there to reach the earth (or the hubble). All you would see is... the big bang, that happened 13.7 billion years ago (we can actually see this big-bang residue). Galaxies that lie beyond that 13.7 billion year mark are simply imposslbe to see, just about by definition of 'sight'. In a billion years, we still probably couldn't see the universes that are today 14.7 billion lightyears away, because they are all still moving away from us. I read an interesting scientific american article recently talking about this. It turns out that since the space metric itself is expanding faster than light, as time goes on, we will see less and less of the surrounding universe. According to the article, in 100 billion years, there will be only one visible galaxy (the Milky Way-Andromeda super galaxy) in the whole observable universe.

[drewmandan]

This is the correct answer. Even if the path of the light is curved due to objects moving at immense speeds, it won't matter because what we're seeing is a snapshot, so nothing will be visually distorted. You're not getting it. Even if it's a snapshot, different ends of the galaxy will not be showing the same time. But since no visible galaxy can travel faster than light, the largest possible skew is 2x.

[VoyageurNocturne]

OK, the way I look at it is that: the only galaxies we have seen are ones that are very very far away, we have never seen our own *because we are in it*. So when we look at a galaxie far away, the distance between the back end and the front of the galaxie is so insignificant compared to the distance the light has to travel to get here that we can't differenciate between the light from the front and the oh so slightly old light from the back. PLUS, when you see the spiral of a galaxie, its like watching a flat object so there is no back and front end, do you get it. Lokking at it from the side looks like a line. and even then you still can't tell front from back. So this intire question really is pointless. NOW, if we were to take pictures of our own galaxie... maybe we could encounter such an issue since the ratio of the size of the galaxie vs how far ithe light is going to travel is way smaller. My grain of salt.

[Xei]

So many people should never have entered this thread. The question's a good one, the answer's a) the effect simply isn't that big due to the distances and speeds involved b) we see pretty galaxies 'face on' so all visible points are pretty much the same distance away; for the effect to occur the plane of the galaxy would have to be facing us and then you wouldn't be able to notice the effect very well anyway.

[Umbrasquall]

You're not getting it. Even if it's a snapshot, different ends of the galaxy will not be showing the same time. But since no visible galaxy can travel faster than light, the largest possible skew is 2x. You will see the light from both 'ends' of the galaxy at the same time. Light travels at a constant speed, so the light from either end will be emitted at the same time, and arrive at the same time. There are special cases, but the above is the norm. Also there is the possibility that something is traveling at a significant portion of the speed of light. In which case you may get some superluminal measurements, but that is just an illusion.

[Xei]

Light travels at a constant speed, so the light from either end will be emitted at the same time, and arrive at the same time. But the other end is further away, so the light won't arrive at the same time at all. The light from the back end of the galaxy is older, and if the galaxy's moving, it will come from a different position in the sky.

[drewmandan]

You will see the light from both 'ends' of the galaxy at the same time. Light travels at a constant speed, so the light from either end will be emitted at the same time, and arrive at the same time. Fail