 Originally Posted by Journeyman
go ahead and have the last word .
I will.
You exasperate me and I couldn't resist expressing it.
 Originally Posted by Journeyman
I am a Climate Change 'Denier' .
That's a massive red flag in my view. And I admit it made me angry, because I deem this view as right-out dangerous.
But go ahead - on which grounds do you deny it?
Better yet - open a thread in Science and Mathematics, where it belongs.
 Originally Posted by Journeyman
I do not subscribe to the theory of Relativity .
You can subscribe to whatever you want of course - but you can't expect to be taken seriously then.
 Originally Posted by Journeyman
Theories , not proven .
Well done. Scientific theories are the closest we will and can ever get to finding "the truth". It really irks me to have to read this over and over and in always the same cranky contexts - feeling the need to differentiate between theory in common tongue and in the context of science for the thousandth time. I guess, you are well aware of the difference - which makes it worse. You brought that picture upon yourself - I'm sick of countering this "argument".
So you set me off and I reacted rashly - but I can't quite see, where I'm guilty of logical fallacies?
 Originally Posted by Journeyman
That is your religio-scientific brain hard at work , the best you can come up with
Okay I'll bite, can't seem to resist - so lets get down to it.
This below took me considerable time - and I don't quite care about how pretty it looks, or if it repeats itself or cites the best possible text passages or whatnot - for those, who wish to get an impression, if Dr. Persinger's work is to be taken on face value or not - it should suffice.
And that's only about the much less controversial topic - his main work, the "god helmet".
In short - despite massive media interest and hype - the results have not been replicable - not in several attempts and not even with his own cooperation. Main problem - not double-blinded - the experimenters knew, which was stimulation and which was sham, in the minority of experiments, where blinding was done at all. With proper blinding the effect only correlated to measures of suggestibility in the subjects. What is also noteworthy, is that the conditions, under which the stimulation took place, were analogous to the "Ganzfeld" setting - something that is indeed shown to be conductive to such experiences already.
Dr. Persinger has elicited considerable delight among atheists, and many, who would agree to belong under the label of "sceptics", because he seemed to show, that religious experiences are nothing more than electrical phenomena in the temporal lobes, which he supposedly was able to produce with his famous helmet.
Dr. Michael Shermer is a renowned sceptic of the supernatural, author of "The Believing Brain" - and he has referred to Persinger's work on that helmet as a source. This led to some scepticism towards Shermer in turn - and the following passage comes from that section of his homepage.
 Originally Posted by John Connor
I have had OBEs before and I assure everyone, after listening to the test subjects of the God-helmet that none of them had an OBE. During an OBE one does not simply sense presences or have feelings of waves and in no way does one have to try and interpret what is happening. During an OBE there are consistent processes that occur sequentially.
I object to scientists using unscientific and generalized statements that are universal qualifiers such as everyone named Bernard is bald. Dr. Persinger statements,”I have duplicated every aspect of god or paranormal experience.” takes credit for recreating every and all experiences! “All experiences are in the brain.”
Maybe some phenomenon can be chalked up to magnetic field exposure however the vast majority may not be.
Sometimes similar experiences are not the same but are actually many different happenings and can be explained by multiple and different reasons/conclusions. I assure you there are many things going on that in the years to come will be differentiated instead of lumped in all together as being the same experience.
Now one could view this as a minor concern - generalisations and mislabelling.
But check this out:
A group of Swedish researchers has now repeated the work, but they say their study involves one crucial difference. They ensured that neither the participants nor the experimenters interacting with them had any idea who was being exposed to the magnetic fields, a 'double-blind' protocol.
Without such a safeguard, "people in the experimental group who are highly suggestible would pick up on cues from the experimenter and they would be more likely to have these types of experiences," says Pehr Granqvist of Uppsala University, who led the research team.
Beyond the double-blind aspect, Granqvist says the nuts and bolts of the experiment mirrored those conducted in the past. He and his colleagues tested 43 undergraduate students by exposing them to magnetic fields that ranged from 3 to 7 microtesla and were aimed just above and in front of the ears, to target the temporal lobes.
They also tested a control group of 46 volunteers who wore the helmet but were not exposed to the magnetic field. The volunteers were then asked to complete questionnaires about what they experienced during each session.
In contrast to the results from Persinger and others, the team found that the magnetism had no discernable effects. Two out of the three participants in the Swedish study that reported strong spiritual experiences during the study belonged to the control group, as did 11 out of the 22 who reported subtle experiences.
Granqvist acknowledges that this seems to be quite a high level of spiritual experiences overall, but says that it matches the level that Persinger saw in his control groups.
The researchers say they do not know what neurological mechanism could be generating the experiences. However, using personality tests they did find that people with an orientation toward unorthodox spirituality were more likely to feel a supernatural presence, as were those who were, in general, more suggestible.
From here: Electrical brainstorms busted as source of ghosts : Nature News
Meanwhile there is not only the one Swedish study, which debunked the experiment, but several, including one done with the original protocols of Persinger's and with his cooperation - and nobody was ever able to replicate it. Despite huge public interest.
One more a bit longer article from here: http://www.skepdic.com/godhelmet.html
... One might think that if such low-level magnetic fields could stimulate the prefontal lobes and cause "spiritual" experiences, there would be numerous reports every day of women and men in ecstasy from accidental exposure to a magnetic pulse. Anyway, Persinger has been at this for fifteen years and I've seen several reports that he claims that 80% of those who put on the god helmet have weird experiences. (Dr. Sarah Strand made this claim in a talk at SkeptiCal 2012. There are also several links on the internet, including the Wikipedia article on the god helmet, that link to an interview on the BBC, apparently with Richard Dawkins, who experienced nothing, where the 80% claim is made.) It may be true that 80% of those who go through his god helmet routine--which I will describe below--have weird experiences that some consider "mystical," "spiritual," or "paranormal." The problem is, I don't think he has very good evidence that these weird experiences are caused by magnetic pulses from his god helmet.
Jack Hitt, in a 1999 article for Wired, provides a detailed description of the Persinger process he went through. (Richard Dawkins also describes the process.) When Hitt arrives at the lab, he's met by a graduate student who asks him "a range of true-or-false statements from an old version of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, a test designed to ferret out any nuttiness that might disqualify me from serving as a study subject." After he's been cleared as a "normie," Hitt is escorted into a "chamber," which he describes as an old sound-experiment booth. The tiny room doesn't appear to have been redecorated since it was built in the early '70s. The frayed spaghettis of a brown-and-white shag carpet, along with huge, wall-mounted speakers covered in glittery black nylon, surround a spent brown recliner upholstered in the prickly polymers of that time. The chair, frankly, is repellent. Hundreds of subjects have settled into its itchy embrace, and its brown contours are spotted with dollops of electrode-conducting cream, dried like toothpaste, giving the seat the look of a favored seagulls' haunt.
Persinger arrives and chats Hitt up for a bit while the helmet is fitted to his head. Hitt asks if anybody's ever freaked out in the chair and Persinger describes an "adverse experience" somebody had who thought the room was hexed. I guess the nuttiness test isn't foolproof. From other things Persinger says it is apparent that the subject is hooked up to an electrocardiograph and an electroencephalograph. Here is where the research gets sloppy, in my opinion. The subject knows what Persinger thinks he's doing. He knows what to expect and Persinger primes him to experience what he expects him to experience.
Technically speaking, what's about to happen is simple. Using his fixed wavelength patterns of electromagnetic fields, Persinger aims to inspire a feeling of a sensed presence - he claims he can also zap you with euphoria, anxiety, fear, even sexual stirring. Each of these electromagnetic patterns is represented by columns of numbers - thousands of them, ranging from 0 to 255 - that denote the increments of output for the computer generating the EM bursts.
Some of the bursts - which Persinger more precisely calls "a series of complex repetitive patterns whose frequency is modified variably over time" - have generated their intended effects with great regularity, the way aspirin causes pain relief. Persinger has started naming them and is creating a sort of EM pharmacological dictionary. The pattern that stimulates a sensed presence is called the Thomas Pulse, named for Persinger's colleague Alex Thomas, who developed it. There's another one called Burst X, which reproduces what Persinger describes as a sensation of "relaxation and pleasantness."
A new one, the Linda Genetic Pulse, is named for my psychometrist, Linda St-Pierre. Persinger says St-Pierre is conducting a massive study on rats to determine the ways in which lengthy exposures to particular electromagnetic pulses can "affect gene expression."
Then Persinger leaves, having primed his subject for a head trip, and shuts the door. The subject is left behind with halved ping pong balls covering his eyes, in total darkness and silence. Hitt remains in this makeshift deprivation chamber for 35 minutes. He has a lapel mic, which he can use should he feel the need to be extricated from the chamber before his time is up.
What has Persinger done to establish that any subjective experience reported by his subjects was caused by the magnetic pulses rather than the sensory deprivation along with the suggestions he's primed his subjects with? Nothing, as far as I can tell. Persinger, however, claims that some of his tests were double-blinded and that the subjects didn't know what to expect. Furthermore, he says, sometimes he would turn the magnetic pulses on and off and not tell the subject when he would do so.
Adding to my skepticism about Persinger's interpretation of his work is the fact that he is the only one who has validated it. Nobody has replicated anything like it. One attempt to replicate was made, apparently with Persinger's approval of the protocols to be used, but the attempt failed to replicate and Persinger has criticized the failure as due to not exposing the subjects to magnetic fields for a long enough time to produce an effect. Persinger's objection seems absurd given that many subjects in both the control and experimental groups in the attempted replication reported strong or subtle effects.
BioEd Online reports on the scientific study that failed to replicate Persinger's claims:
A group of Swedish researchers has now repeated the work, but they say their study involves one crucial difference. They ensured that neither the participants nor the experimenters interacting with them had any idea who was being exposed to the magnetic fields, a 'double-blind' protocol. Without such a safeguard, "people in the experimental group who are highly suggestible would pick up on cues from the experimenter and they would be more likely to have these types of experiences," says Pehr Granqvist of Uppsala University, who led the research team.
Beyond the double-blind aspect, Granqvist says the nuts and bolts of the experiment mirrored those conducted in the past. He and his colleagues tested 43 undergraduate students by exposing them to magnetic fields that ranged from 3 to 7 microtesla and were aimed just above and in front of the ears, to target the temporal lobes.
They also tested a control group of 46 volunteers who wore the helmet but were not exposed to the magnetic field. The volunteers were then asked to complete questionnaires about what they experienced during each session. The researchers report their results online in Neuroscience Letters.
In contrast to the results from Persinger and others, the team found that the magnetism had no discernible effects. Two out of the three participants in the Swedish study that reported strong spiritual experiences during the study belonged to the control group, as did 11 out of the 22 who reported subtle experiences.
Granqvist acknowledges that this seems to be quite a high level of spiritual experiences overall, but says that it matches the level that Persinger saw in his control groups.
The researchers say they do not know what neurological mechanism could be generating the experiences. However, using personality tests they did find that people with an orientation toward unorthodox spirituality were more likely to feel a supernatural presence, as were those who were, in general, more suggestible.
It seems obvious that further research needs to be done before we attribute the results in Persinger's lab to magnetic pulses. It may well be the case that changes in the brain lead people to have what they describe as "mystical" experiences. These changes may be due to magnetic or electrical pulses, desires, thoughts, suggestions, or a host of other factors, including drugs and neurochemicals.
The god helmet, however, won't deserve its name until much more substantial evidence is provided by researchers other than Michael Persinger, who is not really the most unbiased person in the room.
If the reader is wondering why Persinger would think stimulating the temporal lobes would induce a "spiritual" experience, it is probably because there have been many reports of those with temporal lobe epilepsy experiencing such things as "oneness with everything."
The main problem with Persinger's work, looks to be, that the studies were not properly double-blinded. Besides the currents being only minimal and way, way lower than anything shown to have an effect with the usual transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) - and the Ganzfeld/isolation setting having to be taken into account.
Persinger has put forth a supposed debunking of the debunkers, on an anonymous looking website, not in a scientific journal - and the following is a quite telling excerpt - and if for the length of it only - that's all there is on the double-blinding problem:
Granqvist (et al.) claimed that the reason why Persinger's results differed from their own was that Persinger's experiments weren't double-blind. In contrast to the claim made by Granqvist, Persinger uses double-blind protocols. Here are a few references for papers where they were not only followed, but described in the papers ( link1| link2 | link3). For comparison, Persinger uses a "Sham Field", meaning that the wires connected to the Helmet were disconnected for control subjects.
In Persinger's experiments " ... the subjects were not aware of their experimental conditions and experimenters were not familiar with the hypotheses being tested or both were not aware of the experimental condition. Subjects were randomly or serially allocated to conditions. The person generating the hypothesis never had direct contact with the subjects."
From here: The God Helmet - Debate between Persinger and a Swedish researcher.
I went to the trouble of reproducing the links - to remind you - this webpage is meant as a valid debunking the debunkers - and following the three links leads to abstracts only. Why does he not cite his passages directly, where he describes the actual double-blinding? The first two abstracts say nothing about any blinding - and the third one mentions, that they used a sham-simulation. That makes the study blinded, not double blinded.
Double blinded would mean, that the experimenter didn't know if it was sham or not - note how he does not say that.
What he says is that the experimenters were not familiar with the hypotheses. I gather they were aware, whether stimulation was applied or sham - why not write that out, when it is that what it's all about? And what is it supposed to mean anyway? Of course these scientists knew, what they were researching there - it's ridiculous to claim otherwise.
"Familiar" - does that mean, they didn't know the exact wording of the hypothesis or what?
Again - what should be written there in order to make his refutation of the follow-up studies credible would be, that the experimenters didn't know what was sham, and what was not. That would be double-blinded - not some sort of familiarity with the hypotheses.
And while the lack of double-blinding is the main criticism of his work - he devotes only the above small passage on debunking the debunkers here.
Once more from the Shermer page:
Yes, the debunkers’ debunking has been debunked, and the results are published where? An anonymous looking website. Hmm.
The Granqvist et al replication may not have been perfect (although Persinger et al’s criticisms of it frankly ring rather hollow), but we now have converging evidence from several independent groups (Granqvist et al 2005, French et al 2009, Gendle & McGrath 2012) that the paranormal-like effects claimed to be produced by magnetic fields have not proved reproducable.
Of course, Persinger and colleagues have contested these studies too, but I challenge you to find a defense of Persinger (or a criticism of his detractors) not written by himself or a collaborator. Or an anonymous internet troll.
Okay - here a list of the studies, which came up dry, trying to replicate his god-helmet and related general refutations:
^Granqvist, P; Fredrikson, M; Unge, P; Hagenfeldt, A; Valind, S; Larhammar, D; Larsson, M (2005). "Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of transcranial weak complex magnetic fields". Neuroscience Letters 379 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2004.10.057. PMID 15849873. Lay summary – BioEd Online (December 9, 2004).
^Larsson, M., Larhammarb, D., Fredrikson, M., and Granqvist, P. (2005), "Reply to M.A. Persinger and S. A. Koren's response to Granqvist et al. "Sensed presence and mystical experiences are predicted by suggestibility, not by the application of transcranial weak magnetic fields"", Neuroscience Letters 380 (3): 348–350, doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.059
^French, CC., Haque, U., Bunton-Stasyshyn, R., Davis, R. (2009), "The "Haunt" project: An attempt to build a "haunted" room by manipulating complex electromagnetic fields and infrasound", Cortex 45 (5): 619–629, doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2007.10.011, PMID 18635163
^Gendle, MH & McGrath, MG (2012). "Can the 8-coil shakti alter subjective emotional experience? A randomized, placebo-controlled study.". Perceptual and Motor Skills 114 (1): 217–235. doi:10.2466/02.24.pms.114.1.217-235.
^Craig Aaen-Stockdale (2012). "Neuroscience for the Soul". The Psychologist 25 (7): 520–523. "the magnetic fields generated by the God helmet are far too weak to penetrate the cranium and influence neurons within. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) uses field strengths of around 1.5 tesla in order to induce currents strong enough to depolarise neurons through the skull and cause them to fire. Persinger’s apparatus, on the other hand has a strength ... 5000 times weaker than a typical fridge magnet. Granqvist argues that there is simply no way that this apparatus is having any meaningful effect on the brain, and I’m inclined to agree."
^Craig Aaen-Stockdale (2012). "Neuroscience for the Soul". The Psychologist 25 (7): 520–523. "Persinger’s theory is based on the literature on religiosity in temporal lobe epileptics ... a literature that I argue above is both flawed and outdated."
So. I am aware that the above might not be enough to throw the god-helmet thing out of the window once and for all time - but it should be enough to raise considerable doubts as to the validity of his work.
And that was the stuff that was greeted with initial enthusiasm by the sceptics - supposedly showing that supernatural seeming experiences were "all just in the brain".
Probably worse with his telepathy and remote viewing stuff.
So does what I wrote here do anything to your acceptance of his work, Journeyman?
Or was it indeed in vain?
Whatever - my fault for biting, I guess...
Oh - one more thing - do you happen to be a young earth creationist as well? Just a shot in the dark, since I mentioned this thread in the Religion and Spirituality subforum a couple of days back - and now you unearthed it?
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