I forgot to mention, I'm mainly talking about U.S. colleges, since I don't know anything about other countries. (Except East Asian countries because I took a class on it)
ataraxis: What grade are you in? And how good is really good? Top 20? Ivy?
There's only 3 things you really need to do in high school.
1. SAT/ACT
2. GPA/Rank
3. Extracurriculars
1. SAT/ACT - You'll be taking the new SATs, which has a maximum score of 2400, and an essay. If you're looking at a top school. I'd say to be safe score in the top 95-99 percentile. I'd say that anything above 2200 would be pretty good. If you're more into the analytical side, take the ACT. The test is out of 36 points and the time constraint is a lot harsher in my opinion, but the test is easier overall, and you don't get counted off for wrong answers. Unfortunately the ACT also has a harder curve, and you probably won't get a perfect score if you miss even one question. I'd say aim for a score of 32 or 33 or above in this case. Try out both tests on a practice exam and see which one you like more. Start practicing early.
2. GPA/Rank - To be honest GPA matters only because it gives you a rank in your school. Depending on the quality of your school, rank is weighed differently by application reviewers. If you go to an elite private school (which usually don't even rank) then ranking is considered not as important). But if you go to a public school in some small town in Arkansas with a class size of 50, then should make sure you're at the top.
3. Extracurriculars - Colleges will look at this to see that you can actually do things instead of just study. To them dedication to one or two activities, and holding positions of leadership over the course of high school is much much more important than just being involved as a member in every club in your school. Quality > Quantity. This is also a great starting point to look to for a subject for the essays you may have to write for your application forms.
Remember, colleges are looking for a well-rounded person more than anything. So unless you're world-class in one aspect like music or sports, try to focus on all these aspects. Of course, if you are world-class, it wouldn't hurt to have a decent SAT score either.
If you have any specific questions, just ask away. That was just a general guideline for what you should be paying attention to. There's a lot that I haven't said.
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